Consideraciones en torno a la génesis de las infecciones posoperatorias

Introducción: La tasa de complicaciones infecciosas posoperatorias se eleva en el paciente quirúrgico, entre otras razones, debido a que con elevada frecuencia, resulta insuficiente el conocimiento sobre la génesis de los factores que las provocan. Se realizó una revisión documental sobre el tema durante 2020 y 2021. Fueron consultadas las bases de datos Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, SciElo así como el motor de búsqueda Google académico. Se seleccionaron 32 artículos en idiomas inglés y español. Objetivo: Analizar los aspectos fundamentales concernientes a la génesis de las infecciones posoperatorias. Desarrollo: Las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico constituyen el 25 % de las asociadas a la atención de salud. A pesar de todas las medidas para su prevención, no se ha logrado su desaparición, lo que conlleva una elevada morbilidad, aumento de los costos de hospitalización, de la estadía hospitalaria y uso de antibióticos de última generación. Esto puede explicarse por la aparición de microorganismos resistentes a los antibióticos y el aumento de pacientes quirúrgicos de edad avanzada e inmunodeprimidos por enfermedades asociadas, con inclusión de los trasplantados, con injertos o prótesis. Conclusiones: Los microorganismos que provocan las infecciones posquirúrgicas, pertenecen predominantemente a la microbiota presente en el lugar de la incisión. Los factores del enfermo, de la técnica quirúrgica y los relacionados con la hospitalización, juegan roles importantes en su aparición.

Introduction: The rate of postoperative infectious complications rises in the surgical patient, among other reasons, frequently due to insufficient knowledge about the genesis of the factors that cause them. A documentary review on the subject was carried out during 2020-2021. The Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, SciElo databases were consulted, as well as the academic Google search engine. There were selected 32 articles in English and Spanish. Objective: To analyse the fundamental aspects concerning the genesis of postoperative infections. Development: Surgical site infections constitute 25 % of those associated with health care. Despite all the measures for its prevention, its disappearance has not been achieved, which entails high morbidity, increased costs of hospitalization, hospital stay and use of the latest generation of antibiotics. This can be explained by the appearance of microorganisms resistant to antibiotics and the increase in surgical patients of advanced age and immunosuppressed by associated diseases, including those transplanted, with grafts or prostheses. Conclusions: The microorganisms that cause postoperative infections predominantly belong to the microbiota present at the incision site. The factors of the patient, the surgical technique and those related to hospitalization play important roles in its appearance.

Single-cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Thoracolumbar Vertebra Heterogeneity and Rib-genesis in Pigs / 基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报·英文版

Development of thoracolumbar vertebra (TLV) and rib primordium (RP) is a common evolutionary feature across vertebrates, although whole-organism analysis of the expression dynamics of TLV- and RP-related genes has been lacking. Here, we investigated the single-cell transcriptome landscape of thoracic vertebra (TV), lumbar vertebra (LV), and RP cells from a pig embryo at 27 days post-fertilization (dpf) and identified six cell types with distinct gene expression signatures. In-depth dissection of the gene expression dynamics and RNA velocity revealed a coupled process of osteogenesis and angiogenesis during TLV and RP development. Further analysis of cell type-specific and strand-specific expression uncovered the extremely high level of HOXA10 3'-UTR sequence specific to osteoblasts of LV cells, which may function as anti-HOXA10-antisense by counteracting the HOXA10-antisense effect to determine TLV transition. Thus, this work provides a valuable resource for understanding embryonic osteogenesis and angiogenesis underlying vertebrate TLV and RP development at the cell type-specific resolution, which serves as a comprehensive view on the transcriptional profile of animal embryo development.

Soils characterization and classification in clean field, dirty field and forest areas in amazonian environments / Caracterização e classificação de solos em área de campo limpo, campo sujo e floresta em ambientes amazônicos

The soil and vegetation characteristics of the southern Amazonas region include highly weathered soils, high aluminum content and some hydromorphic conditions, its vegetation is composed from grasslands to small isolated trees and forest galleries along the rivers streams. In this way, this work aims to characterize and classify the soil in areas of clean field, dirty field, and forest in Humaitá region AM. Soil trenches were opened in the clean field, dirty field, and forest environments, soil profiles were morphologically characterized, and samples were collected from their horizons. Physical analysis of texture, dispersed clay in water, flocculation, bulk density, particle density and porosity were performed. The chemical analyzes included pH and KCl in water; Ca, Mg, K, Al, and; available P; H+Al and organic C; SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 sulfuric attack. The soils were classified according to criteria established by the Brazilian System of Soil Classification and Soil Taxonomy. The forest, dirty field (high) and clean field (low) showed different soil types, Typic Dystrudept for the first two environments and Typic Fluvaquents for last. Multivariate techniques expressed the similarity relations presenting between the different environments studied, characterizing, which are of great importance in the relation landscape-soil studies.

As características do solo e da vegetação da região sul do Amazonas incluem solos altamente intemperizados, alto teor de alumínio e algumas condições hidromórficas, sendo sua vegetaçãocomposta por pastos, pequenas árvores isoladas e galerias florestais ao longo dos cursos d'água. Desta forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar e classificar o solo em áreas de campo limpo, campo sujo e floresta na região de Humaitá AM. As valas foram abertas no campo limpo, no campo sujo e nos ambientesflorestais, os perfis dos solos foram caracterizados morfologicamente e as amostras foram coletadas de seus horizontes. Análises físicas de textura, argila dispersa em água, floculação, densidade do solo, densidade de partículas e porosidade foram realizadas. As análises químicas incluíram pH e KCl em água; Ca, Mg, K, Al e; P disponível; H + Al e C orgânico; Ataque sulfúrico de SiO2, Al2O3 e Fe2O3. Os solos foram classificados de acordo com critérios estabelecidos pelo Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos e Taxonomia de Solos. A mata, o campo sujo (alto) e o campo limpo (baixo) apresentaram diferentes tipos de solo, distritos típicos para os dois primeiros ambientes e fluídicos típicos para o último. Técnicas multivariadas expressaram as relações de similaridade que se apresentam entre os diferentes ambientes estudados, caracterizando, que são de grande importância na relação paisagem-solo.

Quality Evaluation and Selection of High Quality Mineral Resources of Limonitum from Different Mineral Genesis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the quality of Limonitum from different mineral genesis and select its high quality mineral resources by analyzing its mineral compositions and content. Method: The mineral compositions and content of different samples were analyzed by polarizing microscope and X-ray diffraction,and goethite content was taken as the evaluation index. SPSS 16.0 statistical software was used for hierarchical cluster analysis of the mineral compositions in different samples. Result: Limonite,quartz,illite and mica kaolinite were the main components of Limonitum from leaching disseminated type. Sedimentary type limonite was mainly composed of limonite,quartz and albite. Residual-alteration type limonite was mainly composed of limonite,quartz,diopside and carnallite. The content of goethite in limonite was highest (46.4%) in sedimentary type limonite from Jiangxi province,followed by that in leaching-disseminated type from Jiangsu province (17.9%) and leaching-disseminated type from Shandong province (0.5%). The content of sedimentary goethite was higher than 12.0%and the content of leaching-disseminated type goethite was between 0.5%and 18.0%, with significant difference; and the content of residual-alteration type was below 3.0%. Cluster analysis of mineral components in different samples showed that 6 samples of leaching-dissemination type were clustered into one group,3 samples of sedimentation type were clustered into one group,and 2 samples of residual-alteration type were clustered into one group. Conclusion: The quality of sedimentary type Limonitum in Jiangxi is the best. Generally,the quality of sedimentary type is better than that of leaching-disseminated type, and the quality of leaching disseminated type is better than that of residual-alteration type.

Trabajo Social Socio Jurídico en Chile: génesis, desarrollo histórico y desafíos disciplinares / Sociolegal social work in Chile: genesis, historical development and disciplinary challenges

RESUMEN: Este artículo desarrolla la génesis del Trabajo Social Socio Jurídico bajo la influencia del higienismo y del modelo jurídico de la época en que se crea la profesión en Chile. Aborda su desarrollo disciplinar desde 1928 y el cambio de paradigma a partir de la Convención de los Derechos del Niño en 1990, identificando algunos hitos que han marcado los desafíos que el Trabajo Social Socio Jurídico ha enfrentado en los 90 años de existencia del Trabajo Social en Chile.

ABSTRACT: This article develops the genesis of socio-legal social work under the influence of hygienism and legal model of the time when the profession in Chile is created. Discusses its development discipline since 1928 and the paradigm shift from the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1990, identifying some milestones that have marked the challenges that social work partner law has faced in 90 years of the Social Work Chile.

F. J. J. Buytendijk e a gênese do espírito materno / F. J. J. Buytendijk and the genesis of the maternal spirit / F. J. J. Buytendijk y la génesis del espíritu materno

O artigo objetiva fundamentalmente explicitar um importante conceito antropológico de F. J. J. Buytendijk: a noção de uma gênese psicológica do espírito materno. Para tanto, pautando-se metodologicamente numa abordagem fenomenológica descritiva, trata-se de compreender o mistério dessa formação para além de todo reducionismo biológico, desvelando, pois, nela, os elementos da historicidade e do cuidado em sua infraestrutura mais profunda. A premissa básica que aqui se discute é a ideia de que essa gênese jamais está formada definitivamente, já que tem sua origem nos primeiros encontros de um sujeito que é feminino pelos caracteres pré-existenciais de sua corporeidade e intencionalidade numa perspectiva dialética. É sob esse prisma, como resultado alcançado, que o pensador holandês vê, em tal movimento, não só um princípio da antropologia moderna, mas um estado de questão que abre, de maneira fecunda, um horizonte fenomenológico, sem precedentes.

The article aims fundamentally to make explicit an important anthropological concept of F. J. Buytendijk: the notion of a psychological genesis of the maternal spirit. For this, methodologically based on a descriptive phenomenological approach, it is a question of understanding the mystery of this formation beyond any biological reductionism revealing, lastly, in it, the elements of the historicity and care in their most profound infrastructure. The basic premise discussed here is the idea that this genesis never formed definitely, since it has its origin in the first encounters a subject who is feminine by pre-existential character of its corporeality and intentionality in a dialectical perspective. It is from this viewpoint, as a result achieved, that the Dutch thinker sees in such a movement, not only a principle of modern anthropology, but a state of question that opens, fruitfully, a phenomenological horizon unprecedented.

El artículo trata de explicitar fundamentalmente un importante concepto antropológico de F. J. J. Buytendijk: la noción de una génesis psicológica del espíritu materno. Por lo tanto, y se basan metodológicamente un enfoque fenomenológico descriptivo, hay que comprender el misterio de esta formación más allá de cualquier reduccionismo biológico, revelando, por fin, en ella, los elementos de la historicidad y cuidado en su infraestructura más profunda. La premisa básica que se discute aquí es la idea de que esta génesis nunca es formada definitivamente, ya que tiene su origen en los primeros encuentros de un sujeto que es femenino por el carácter pre-existencial de su corporalidad y la intencionalidad en una perspectiva dialéctica. Es en este punto de vista, como resultado alcanzado, que el pensador holandés ve en tal movimiento, no sólo un principio de la antropología moderna, sino un estado de la cuestión que se abre, fructíferamente, un horizonte fenomenológico sin precedentes.

Implementación del mapa de geopedología como base para la delimitación de unidades de ecosistemas a nivel nacional en colombia

Geopedología corresponde a la integración entre geomorfología y pedología; es el concepto que se aplica en Colombia, para interpretar la información de los suelos y, a través de ella, generar cartografía temática, que pueda ser representada en diferentes escalas. Una aplicación reciente de la geopedología es la definición del medio pedológico como sustrato, que soporta ecosistemas terrestres y que hace parte del ambiente, debido a que cumple la función de permitir los flujos de energía entre coberturas vegetales y seres vivos. En este artículo, se realiza una reflexión sobre el papel que, históricamente, ha tenido la información de los suelos en el contexto colombiano y su aporte a las ciencias del ambiente; se muestra un desarrollo histórico, que permite analizar cómo se ha integrado la información de suelos realizada en el Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi (IGAC), por más de setenta años y cómo el mejoramiento continuo ha permitido el acercamiento teórico a la delimitación de ecosistemas para dos escalas: la nacional y la general. La ciencia del suelo ha tenido poco reconocimiento en la elaboración de informes recientes relacionados con el ambiente, por ello, es importante que se muestren conceptos y trabajos realizados por expertos en suelos y se divulgue la labor de quienes la desarrollan, así como los resultados obtenidos en la investigación realizada por Progasp, relacionado con el tema de escalas y de representación de variables, que permiten mostrar la realidad ambiental y avance en los procesos que, actualmente, se llevan a cabo en Colombia.

Geopedology corresponds to the integration between geomorphology and soil science and this concept is applied in Colombia to interpret the information of soil for generating thematic maps that can be displayed on different scales; a recent application of the geopedology is the definition of pedological zone as the substrate that supports terrestrial ecosystems and is part of the environment because it serves to allow the energy flows between mulches and living things. This article presents a reflection on the role that historically has had the soils information in the Colombian context and its contribution to environmental science; a historical development is done about soil information to analyze its integration in the Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi (IGAC) for over seventy years and how the continuous improvement has allowed the theoretical approach and the delimitation of ecosystems are close to each other to two scales: national and overall. Soil science has had little recognition in the development of recent reports related to the environment, so it is important that concepts and work done by experts in soils are shown; it is equally important that result obtained in the investigation performed by the research group Progasp, related to the topic of scales and representation of variables which allow display environmental reality and the processes that are advancing in Colombia.

Algunas consideraciones sobre las infecciones posoperatorias / Some considerations about postoperative infections

La tasa de complicaciones infecciosas posoperatorias se eleva en el paciente quirúrgico, entre otras razones, debido a que resulta insuficiente el conocimiento sobre la génesis de los factores que las provocan. Esto incrementa significativamente su persistencia y las consecuencias negativas que inciden sobre el enfermo, la institución sanitaria y el sistema de salud. De ahí, la necesidad de profundizar en los diferentes aspectos cognoscitivos sobre el tema. Esta revisión actualizada pretende esclarecer los aspectos fundamentales concernientes a su génesis, diagnóstico y tratamiento preventivo y curativo con vistas a disminuir la morbilidad y mortalidad por esta lamentable complicación posquirúrgica(AU)

The rate of postoperative infective complications increases in the surgical patient due, among other reasons, to poor knowledge on the genesis of causative factors. This significantly raises their level of persistence and the negative consequences for the patient, the health institution and the health system; hence the need of delving into the different cognitive aspects of this topic. This updated review was intended to clarify the fundamental aspects of their genesis, diagnosis and preventive and curative treatment with a view to reducing morbidity and mortality from this terrible post surgical complication(AU)

Study on Origin and Development of Stroke / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]On the origin and development of stroke research and interpretation. [Methods]Reading from pre-Qin period to the Ming and Qing dynasties in the ancient literature related to stroke the literature, according to the treatment of disease, etiology, pathogenesis, therapeutic principle, prevention and curing of Chinese medical induction, summary, combining the origin of stroke, analysis of pathogenesis and therapeutic principle of stroke, and it is filtered and classified the ancient literature and research, summarizes the extraction.[Methods]Reading and analyzing ancient documents related to the stroke.[Results]The termstrokeand theoretical source inNei Jing, the treatment based on syndrome differentiation is initiated Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases.Jin and Yuan dynasties developed stroke theory;modern perfect stroke syndrome differentiation system. Previously, during the Tang and Song dynasties, it is mainly based on the theories of vital Qi deficiency,pathogenic wind into the argument, treatment of strengthening the body and removal of scattered wind. After the Jin Yuan dynasties, they are internal injury based, wind from the endogenous theories. the treatment is mainly focused on internal injuries. [Conclusion]That ancient physicians paid attention to the etiology and treatment of stroke more, keeping in good health and prevention mentioned less, so we should pay attention to the prevention and recovery.

Mineral composition analysis and hemostatic effect of limonitum with different mineral genesis / 中国中药杂志

Models were established in mice with warfarin sodium method, and their bleeding time and hemostasis time were measured by tail cutting method and slide method respectively. Rats were administered for 15 consecutive days to measure their recalcification time, plasma viscosity, platelet adhesion rate, platelet aggregation rate and other blood indexes. As compared with the blank group, the bleeding time was prolonged in model groupn(P<0.05). As compared with the model group, the results showed that the positive vitamin K, the leaching type water decoction and the sediment type decoction could significantly shorten the bleeding time (P<0.01); positive vitamin K significantly (P<0.01) shortened clotting time, and the leaching type water decoction, the sediment type water decoction and the sediment type powder could also shorten the clotting time (P<0.05). As compared with blank group, low dose, medium dose of leaching type water decoction, medium dose of powder, high dose of sediment type decoction and low dose of drug residues could reduce plasma viscosity (P<0.05), and high dose of leaching powder and low dose of water decoction could significantly reduce (P<0.01) plasma viscosity. As compared with blank group, Limonitum leaching type decoction high dose group could significantly reduce the platelet adhesion rate (P<0.05), while sediment type water decoction could significantly increase the platelet adhesion rate (P<0.05); the high dose of leaching type water decoction, high dose of drug residues, low dose of leaching type powder and low dose of drug residues could decrease the platelet aggregation rate (P<0.05), while high dose of leaching type water decoction and high dose of the powder could increase the platelet aggregation rate (P<0.05). Analysis of mineral compositions was conducted by polarized light microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of the both methods showed that Limonitum mineral compositions contained goethite, quartz, and kaolinite, and sedimentary type also contained illite and albite. Sediment type of Limonitum showed better hemostatic effect, which may be related to the high content of goethite and illite.

Conjuntura, gênese e formação profissional: notas relacionais entre o Serviço Social brasileiro e o espanhol / Situation, genesis and professional qualification: relational notes between the Brazilian and the Spanish Social Work

Resumo: O artigo objetiva contextualizar conjunturalmente Brasil e Espanha e, a partir disso, analisar (1) a gênese do Serviço Social nos referidos países e as trajetórias teórico-políticas particulares que assumem no decorrer do seu processo sócio-histórico, as quais constituem solo histórico das características da (2) formação profissional contemporânea. Para isso, tem como ponto de partida as investigações e experiências com a realização do estágio doutoral na Universidade Complutense de Madrid, no primeiro semestre de 2015.

Abstract: This article aims at contextualizing Brazil and Spain in their specific situations and, from that, analyzing (1) the genesis of Social Work in both countries, as well as the unique theoretical and political paths they took throughout their social and historical processes. Such paths are the historical background of the characteristics of (2) the contemporary professional qualification. The investigations and experiences in a doctoral training at Universidade Complutense in Madrid are the starting point. The training happened in the first term of 2015.

Role of endothelial cell injury in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy / 中国糖尿病杂志

[Summary] Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major chronic microvascular complications of diabetes ,which is the leading cause of end‐stage renal disease ,as well as the main cause of death in diabetic patients. Glomerular endothelial cell is an important component of the glomerular filtration barrier ,which is directly related to the materials of circulation ,and it can be easily damaged by glucose ,lipid and inflammatory factors. Under the hyperglycemia ,the PKC pathway ,the polyol pathway and oxidative stress were activated ,producing an excess of advanced glycation end products and reactive oxygen species ,which damage the endothelial nitric oxide synthase ,reduce the generation of nitric oxide ,while produce a large number of Ang Ⅱ. Ang Ⅱ damage the endothelial cell. In addition ,there are crosstalk between glomerular endothelial cells and endothelial cells ,which also cause endothelial cell injury. Here ,we reviewed the role of endothelial cell injury in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.

Molecular mechanism of acute kidney injury and intervention by Chinese medicine / 中国药理学通报

Acute kidney injury (AKI), a common clinical dis-ease, is one complex pathophysiological process. In this review paper, the relationship and the molecular mechanisms of ische-mia-reperfusion, major surgery, rhabdomyolysis, pus sepsis and drug-induced renal toxicity associated with AKI were comprehen-sively reviewed. In addition, the prevention and treatment of AKI by Chinese medicine and the effective components were also reviewed. Therefore, our review aims to provide valuable infor-mation for treatment of AKI, and also for exploration of innova-tive new drugs.

Influence of Guishaotongluo on angiogenesis of adventitial vasa vasorum and oxidative stress in early stage of atherosclerosis / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the effect of Guishao-tongluo ( GSTL ) on the angiogenesis of vasa vasorum and oxidative stress in the early stage of atherosclero-sis. Methods The rabbits ( n =84 ) were randomly divided into 7 groups (n=12):control group,high-fat group, adventitial injury group, GSTL high(GH)and medium ( GM ) dose group, atorvastain group ( ATO ) , and Tongxinluo group ( TXL ) . The normal group was fed with common foodstuffs, and high-fat foodstuffs for the high-fat group to establish an early model of hyper-lipidemia, and all the other groups were fed with high-fat diet combined with carotid artery cannula to build early atherosclerosis carotid artery injury rabbit mod-els. The GSTL high and medium dose was given Guishaotongluo ultrafine powder 4. 16,2. 08 g·kg-1 · d-1 respectively. The atorvastain group and Tongxinluo group were given suspension of atorvastain solution 2. 5 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 , Tongxinluo supermicro powder 0. 6 g ·kg-1 ·d-1 . All groups were treated with gastric per-fusion for 4 weeks. Biochemical method was applied to detect blood lipid change. HE staining was used to ob-serve the pathological morphology of intima-media. Aactivity of serum superoxide dismutase( SOD) ,malon-dialdehyde ( MDA ) content and the total antioxidant capacity ( T-AOC ) in artery serum were detected. NADPH subunits p22phox mRNA, gp91phox mRNA in carotid arteries were located and semi-quantitated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The expression of VEGF, VEGFR-2 in the carotid artery adventitia was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with normal group,the contents of TC,TG and LDL-C were significantly increased, and VEGF, VEGFR-2 protein levels were remarkly increased in high-fat and adventi-tial injury group. The carotid artery injuries,the degree of angiogenesis of vasa vasorum and NADPH subunits p22phox, gp91phox mRNA in adventitia tissue of the GH,GM, ATO and TXL group were milder in varying degrees compared with those of the vasa injury group. Also the activity of SOD,T-AOC increased,while MDA content,VEGF,VEGFR-2 protein levels were remarkly decreased ( P < 0. 5 or P < 0. 01 ) . Conclusions GSTL can inbibit adventitial neovascularization in the early stage of atherosclerosis, and its mechanism might be related to the increase of total antioxidant capacity of the vascular system and adventitia tissue.

Arqueologia fenomenológica, fenomenologia genética e psicologia: rumo à gênese das manifestações culturais / Phenomenological archaeology, genetic phenomenology and psychology: towards the genesis of cultural manifestations / Archéologie phénoménologique, phénoménologie génétique et psychologie: vers la genèse des manifestations culturelles / Arqueología fenomenológica, fenomenología genética y psicología: hacia la génesis de las manifestaciones culturales

Neste artigo é realizada uma investigação teórica de fundamentos e princípios da fenomenologia clássica enquanto orientação metodológica para o estudo de fenômenos culturais. Tal investigação se inscreve no domínio qualitativo de pesquisa em psicologia e, portanto, no domínio da psicologia da cultura. Porém, ao considerar o domínio geral dos estudos fenomenológicos em psicologia, constata-se a regularidade de críticas à fenomenologia clássica, pondo em questão alguns pressupostos metodológicos adotados por Husserl, tendo por referência, sobretudo, seus trabalhos publicados em vida. Com base em autores contemporâneos que têm se dedicado ao estudo de suas últimas obras e manuscritos ainda não publicados, o debate em torno dessas críticas é atualizado de modo a inovar as reflexões sobre a aplicação empírica de sua fenomenologia. Verificam-se então equivalências entre a arqueologia fenomenológica das culturas e a fenomenologia genética que delineiam as primeiras orientações metodológicas para o estudo de fenômenos culturais.

This paper presents a theoretical investigation of the fundamentals and principles of classical phenomenology as a methodological approach for the study of cultural phenomena. This research is inscribed in the realm of qualitative research in psychology, therefore in the field of psychology of culture. However, in considering the general area of phenomenological studies in psychology, regular criticism of classical phenomenology is observed, questioning some methodological assumptions adopted by Husserl, referring primarily to the works published during his lifetime. Based on contemporary authors dedicated to the study of Husserl´s later works and unpublished manuscripts, the debate around these criticisms is updated to innovate reflections on the empirical application of his phenomenology. As conclusion, some equivalences between phenomenological archeology of culture and genetic phenomenology confers the first methodological guidelines for the study of cultural phenomena.

Cet article présente une enquête théorique sur les fondements et les principes de la phénomenologie classique en tant que guide méthodologique pour l'étude des phénomènes culturels. Cette recherche s'inscrit dans le domaine de la recherche qualitative en psychologie et donc dans le domaine de la psychologie de la culture. Toutefois, compte tenu les études phénoménologiques en psychologie pris de façon générale, il y a la critique régulière de la phénoménologie classique, mettent en question certaines hypothèses méthodologiques adoptées par Husserl, particulièrement en ce qui concerne leurs oeuvres publiées en vie. Basé sur des auteurs contemporains qui se sont consacrés à l'étude de leurs oeuvres passées et manuscrits inédits, le débat autour de ces critiques est mis à jour et permet d'innover les réflexions sur l'application empirique de sa phénoménologie. À titre de conclusion, des équivalences entre l'archéologie phénoménologique des cultures et la phénoménologie génétique sont presentés comme des lignes méthodologiques directrices pour l'étude des phénomènes culturels.

Este artículo presenta una investigación teórica de los fundamentos y principios de la fenomenología clásica como guía metodológica para el estudio de los fenómenos culturales. Esta investigación se inscribe en el campo de la investigación cualitativa en psicología y, por lo tanto, en el campo de la psicología de la cultura. Sin embargo, teniendo en cuenta el dominio general de los estudios fenomenológicos en psicología, se verifica la regularidad de críticas a la fenomenología clásica, que cuestionan algunos presupuestos metodológicos adoptados por Husserl, teniendo por referencia, sobre todo, sus obras publicadas en vida. Con base en autores contemporáneos que se han dedicado al estudio de sus obras pasadas y manuscritos no publicados, el debate en torno a estas críticas fue actualizado para innovar las reflexiones sobre la aplicación empírica de su fenomenología. Son verificadas equivalencias entre la arqueología fenomenológica de las culturas y la fenomenología genética que delinean las primeras orientaciones metodológicas para el estudio de fenómenos culturales.

Especulações acerca das possíveis origens indígenas da capoeira e sobre as contribuições desta matriz cultural no desenvolvimento do jogo-luta / Speculations on the possibilities of indigenous origins of capoeira and on the contributions of this cultural matrix on the development of the game-fight

A origem da Capoeira tem sido investigada e discutida até os dias atuais. Vários pesquisadores de diversos campos e, inclusive, os próprios capoeiristas discordam quanto à sua gênese. Estas dicotomias persistem em embates no campo da Capoeira. Neste artigo foram analisadas, interpretadas e discutidas as possibilidades das origens indígenas da Capoeira, e as possíveis contribuições dos índios brasileiros no desenvolvimento do jogo-luta. Por meio das análises realizadas, foi possível elaborar especulações e apontamentos gerais sobre o assunto. A pesquisa tem um enfoque histórico. Foi utilizada como procedimento metodológico a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, tendo-se realizado análise qualitativa das fontes que foram interpretadas e discutidas ao longo da narrativa deste trabalho. Constatou-se que houve a possibilidade de interação entre negros e índios em trocas culturais que possibilitariam influências no desenvolvimento da Capoeira. Entretanto, concluiu-se que não é possível afirmar existirem diretamente contribuições indígenas brasileiras para as origens da Capoeira. Destarte, é possível afirmar que a única e importante contribuição indígeno-brasileira é a origem nominal da prática, por ser o vocábulo capoeira de origem tupy. Recomenda-se que futuros estudos sejam realizados aproveitando os apontamentos realizados neste artigo e analisando as fontes primárias que não foram possíveis constar no rol documental deste trabalho.

The origin of Capoeira has been investigated and discussed until today. Several researchers in different fields and even capoeiristas themselves disagree about its genesis. These dichotomies persist in clashes in the field of Capoeira. In this article the assumptions about the indigenous Capoeira, and the possible contributions of Brazilian Indians in the development of game-fight.were analyzed, interpreted and discussed. Literature and documents were used as methodological procedure and a qualitative analysis of the sources that were interpreted and discussed throughout the narrative of this work was done. It was found that there was the possibility of interaction between blacks and Indians in cultural exchanges that would allow influences in the development of Capoeira. However, it was concluded that it is not possible to say that there are Brazilian indigenous contributions to the origins of Capoeira. Thus, we can say that the only and important Brazilian indigenous contribution is the nominal origin of the practice, for having the word capoeira tupy source. It is recommended that future studies are accomplished using the notes made in this article and analyzing primary sources that were not possible to be included in this paper.

Fastigial cerebellar nucleus may be involved in the pathogenesis of post-stroke depression through the cerebellum-hypothalamic pathways in rats Fastigial cerebellar nucleus may be involved in the pathogenesis of post-stroke depression through the cerebellum-hypothalamic pathways in rats / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate whether medial cerebellar nucleus may be involved in the pathogenesis of post-stroke depression (PSD)and explore the pathway that mediates this effect.Methods Healthy SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:control group,stroke group,PSD group,medial cerebellar nucleus (Med)lesion group,and superior cerebellar peduncle (xscp)lesion group.The ethological score of depression was evaluated.The neurotransmitters of Glu and GABA in the lateral hypothalamic area were detected by high performance liquid chromatography.Results Compared with those in control group,the levels of GABA and Glu expressions did not significantly differ in the lateral hypothalamic area in stroke group (P > 0.05 ).In contrast,the levels in PSD group,Med lesion group and xscp lesion group were lower than those in stroke group to different extent (P <0.01). Conclusion These results preliminarily show that medial cerebellar nucleus may participate in the pathogenesis of post-stroke depression,which may be mediated by the cerebellum-hypothalamic pathway.

Antitumor activities and mechanisms of isoliquiritigenin / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effects of isoliquiri-tigenin ( ISL) on anti-angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo and its mechanisms. Methods We assessed the antiangiogenic activities of ISL on proliferation viabili-ty, migration and tube formation of human microvascu-lar endothelial cell line-1 (HMEC-1) in vitro. The cell proliferation viability was assessed using the Sulforho-damine B ( SRB ) assay. Modified Boyden Transwell chamber assay was done to study the effect of ISL on HMEC-1 cells migration. 2′, 7′-dichlorofluorescein di-acetate ( DCFH-DA) was used to measure the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) , which was induced by VEGF. Metalloproteinase-2 ( MMP-2 ) and metalloproteinase-9 ( MMP-9 ) expressions by HMEC-1 cells were assessed through gelatin zymogra-phy assay. HMEC-1 cells cycle was detected by flow cytometry. Moreover, we investigated the in vivo anti-angiogenic activity of ISL on chicken embryos nap al-lantoic membrane model ( CAM ) . Results ISL con-centration-dependently inhibited the growth of HMEC-1 cells as well as SW620 and A549 cells. ISL signifi-cantly and concentration-dependently suppressed the migration activity of HMEC-1 cells. Tube sample struc-ture formation further confirmed the effect of ISL on an-ti-angiogenesis. Moreover, ISL also inhibited intracel-lular ROS level, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression by HMEC-1 cells. ISL induced endothelial cell apoptosis at a low concentration ( ISL 12 . 5 μmol · L-1 ) and blocked the cells in S phase of mitosis at higher con-centrations ( ISL 25~100 μmol·L-1 ) . Furthermore, ISL distinctly inhibited the angiogenesis of chick em-bryos in vivo. Conclusions ISL has anti-tumor and angiogenesis effects on HMEC-1 cells. The mechanism may be related to intracellular ROS scavenging and ap-optosis induction of HMEC-1 cells.

Expression and function of microRNAs in gallbladder cancer / 中华消化外科杂志

MicroRNAs are a kind of small endogenous non-protein-coding single-stranded RNA,which are 18 to 25 nucleotides long.They either regulate expression of specific genes through the degradation of mRNA or repress expression of target protein of mRNA postoperation by binding with the 3' untranslated region of targeting mRNAs.It produces important physiological effects on cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.The use of experimental biology and bioinformatics methods for research of tumor-associated miRNAs has become research focus.In this paper, the role of miRNAs in the oncogenesis, development, metastasis and prognosis of gallbladder cancer is mainly introduced.

Progress of hyperhomocysteinemia hazard and pathogenesis / 中国药理学通报

Homocysteine ( Hcy) is an independent risk factor for a variety of diseases and closely related to cardiac-cerebralvascu-lar diseases, neurological diseases, diabetes and diabetic com-plications. High homocysteine levels can significantly increase the recurrence risks of cardiac-cerebralvascular events and stroke in patients with stroke, leading to high all-cause mortality. The risk of Alzheimer’s disease is increased by 1. 8 fold when the concentration of Hcy is over 14 μmol·L-1 . For each 5 μmol· L-1 increase in plasma Hcy in diabetes patients, the mortality rate increases by 5 fold in the next five years. High Hcy triggers the pathogenesis of diseases via multiple mechanisms including oxidative stress, lesions of vascular endothelial cells, prolifera-tion of vascular smooth muscle cells, dysfunction of coagulation and lipid metabolism and genomic hypomethylation etc.